PROHIBITION OF COLLECTIVE EXPULSION OF ALIENS UNDER THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS
2024, 103, Numer 1
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The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) refers to the issues regarding aliens and migration on numerous occasions. These cases concern, inter alia: illegal migration, deprivation of liberty of illegal migrants, conditions of their detention, illegal migrant minors, unaccompanied migrant minors, etc. The analysis of these issues involves numerous rights and freedoms enshrined in the Convention. However, there are only three provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) that do focus explicitly on aliens. Those guarantees include Article 16 (prohibition of restricting the public activity of aliens) and Article 4 of Protocol No 4 to the ECHR (prohibition of collective expulsion of aliens) and Article 1 of Protocol No 7 to the ECHR (procedural guarantees regarding the expulsion of aliens). Despite very few explicit references to ‘aliens’ in the Convention, the judicial achievements of the ECtHR in this area are extremely extensive, actually incomparable to other international mechanisms for the protection of individual rights and freedoms. ECtHR has wide jurisprudence concerning Articles 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 13 in this regard. Most of the issues concerning alleged violations of those provisions were subjected to analysis. However, the very provision which clearly focuses on the prohibition of collective expulsion of aliens is often omitted or treated as ‘secondary’ provision in this regard. The main aim of this article is to focus solely on Article 4 of Protocol No 4 to the ECHR and its role in the process of protecting the rights of aliens within the European Paradigm of their protection. The article will also seek to examine the current application of this provision.
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