THOMAS JEFFERSON PRZECIWKO „POLITYKOM W TOGACH”. KILKA UWAG DOTYCZĄCYCH SPORU O KIERUNKI INTERPRETACJI KONSTYTUCJI STANÓW ZJEDNOCZONYCH
2022, 95, Numer 1
Data publikacji
Model publikowania
Rodzaj licencji
Dziedzina
Dyscyplina
Język publikacji
Pliki do pobrania
PDF 468 KB
Liczba wyświetleń:122
Liczba pobrań:86
Cytowania Crossref:0
Wynik Altmetric:0
Abstrakt
Throughout the first decade of the American republic, competing claims between the Federalists and the Anti-Federalist (later Republicans) regarding the proper interpretation of the Constitution and the application of its principles were confined primarily to the executive branch, Congress and states. The year 1801 marked the beginning of a turnabout in the role of the Supreme Court in the national affairs. Thomas Jefferson, having promised to bring about a revolution in the principles guiding the government, took office as the third president of the young nation. Although the legislative and executive branches of government came under the control of Jefferson’s Republican party in the election of 1800, the federal judiciary remained a bulwark of the rival Federalist party. In this article the author argues that differences in the interpretation of the Constitution resulted from the clear and irreconcilable differences in the political and constitutional philosophies of Jefferson and Marshall. These differences sparked fierce debate over such monumental issues as the use of judicial review over acts of Congress and the development of the doctrine of implied powers. According to the author, political considerations were paramount in determining the tactics employed by both leaders in their efforts to define the proper role of the judiciary in a balanced government and the role of the national government itself within the federal system.
Bibliografia
Abraham H.J., Justices, Presidents, and Senators: A History of the U.S. Supreme Court Appointments from Washington to Bush II, Lanham, Boulder, New York, Toronto, Plymouth 2008
Ames F., 3 February, 1791, (w:) The Debates and Proceedings in the Congress of the United States: With an Appendix, Containing Important State Papers and Public Documents, and All the Laws of a Public Nature, Eighteenth Congress - First Session: Comprising the Period from [March 3, 1789] to May 27, 1824, Washington 1834, II
Baker L., John Marshall: A Life in Law, New York 1974
https://doi.org/10.2307/1228211
Bird W., Criminal Dissent. Prosecutions under The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798, Cambridge, Mass., London, England, 2020
https://doi.org/10.4159/9780674243873
Boudinot E., (w:) The Debates and Proceedings in the Congress of the United States: With an Appendix, Containing Important State Papers and Public Documents, and All the Laws of a Public Nature, Eighteenth Congress - First Session: Comprising the Period from [March 3, 1789] to May 27, 1824, Washington 1834, II
Brown R.H., The Republic in Peril 1812, New York 1971
Clarke M.St., Hall D.A. (eds.), Legislative and Documentary History of the Bank of the United States, Washington 1832
Coleman A.N., The American Revolution, State Sovereignty, and the American Constitutional Settlement, Lanham, MD 2016
Corwin E.S., Marbury v. Madison and the Doctrine of Judicial Review, "Michigan Law Review" 1914, Vol. 12, No. 7
https://doi.org/10.2307/1274986
Debates and Proceedings in the Congress of the United States: With an Appendix, Containing Important State Papers and Public Documents, and All the Laws of a Public Nature, Eighteenth Congress - First Session: Comprising the Period from [March 3, 1789] to May 27, 1824, Washington 1834, II
The Debates, Resolutions, and Other Proceedings, in Convention, on the Adoption of the Federal Constitution: As Recommended by the General Convention at Philadelphia, on the 17th of September, 1787: with the Yeas and Nays on the Decision of the Main Question, Washington 1830, IV
Ellis J.J., American Sphinx: The Character of Thomas Jefferson, New York 1997
Engdahl D.E., John Marshall's "Jeffersonian" Concept of Judicial Review, "Duke Law Journal" 1992, Vol. 42, No. 2
https://doi.org/10.2307/1372804
Engel S.M., American Politicians Confront the Court: Opposition Politics and Changing Responses to Judicial Power, Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao Paulo, Delhi, Tokyo, Mexico City 2001
Forsyth A., Common Law and Natural Law in America: From the Puritans to the Legal Realists, Cambridge 2019
https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108576772
Glickstein J., After midnight: The circuit judges and the repeal of the Judiciary Act of 1801, "Yale Journal of Law & the Humanities" 2012, Vol. 24
https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1809207
Graber M.A., Establishing judicial review: Marbury and the Judicial Act of 1789, "Tulsa Law Review" 2003, Vol. 38, No. 4
Grossman R.S., Unsettled Account: The Evolution of Banking in the Industrialized World since 1800, Princeton 2010
https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400835256
Haines Ch.G., The Role of the Supreme Court in American Government and Politics 1789-1835, Berkeley 1944
Hamilton A., The Federalist 7, 15, 70, (w:) J.R. Pole (ed.), The Federalist, Indianapolis 2010
https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230102019_39
Hamilton J.C., Life of Alexander Hamilton. A History of the Republic of The United States of America, Boston 1879, VII
Henriques P.R., Realistic Visionary: A Portrait of George Washington, Charlottesville 2008
Kentucky Resolutions, (w:) The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions of 1798 and '99. With Jefferson's Original Draught Thereof. Also, Madison's Report, Calhoun's Address, Resolutions of the Several States in Relation to State Rights. With Other Documents in Support of the Jeffersonian Doctrines of '98, Washington 1832
Knott S.F., Alexander Hamilton and the Persistence of Myth, Lawrence 2002
Kurland Ph.B., Politics, the Constitution, and the Warren Court, Chicago 1970
https://doi.org/10.1086/scr.1970.3108722
Madison J., Federalist 46, (w:) J.R. Pole (ed.), The Federalist, Indianapolis 2010
Marshall J., The Constitutional Decisions of John Marshall, ed. J.P. Cotton, Union, N.J. 2000
Mayer D.N., The Constitutional Thought of Thomas Jefferson, Charlottesville 1994
Meacham J., Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power, New York 2012
Memoirs, Correspondence and Private Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Late President of The United States, London 1829, IV
Miller J.Ch., Alexander Hamilton and the Growth of the New Nation, New Brunswick, N.J. 2004
Onuf P.S., Jefferson's Empire. The Language of American Nationhood, Charlottesville 2000
Opinion of Alexander Hamilton, on the Constitutionality of a National Bank, (w:) M.St. Clarke, D.A. Hall (eds.), Legislative and Documentary History of the Bank of the United States, Washington 1832
Opinion on the Constitutionality of A National Bank, February 15, 1791, (w:) The Works of Thomas Jefferson, New York, London 1904-06, VI
Padover S.K., The political ideas of John Marshall, "Social Research" 1959, Vol. 26, No. 1
Parrington V.L., Główne nurty myśli amerykańskiej. Romantyczna rewolucja w Ameryce 1800-1860, przekł. H. Krzeczkowski, Warszawa 1970
Pole J.R. (ed.), The Federalist, Indianapolis 2010
Randall H.S., The Life of Thomas Jefferson, New York 1858, II
Robertson D.B., Federalism and the Making of America, New York 2012
https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203852125
Sedgwick T., (w:) The Debates and Proceedings in the Congress of the United States: With an Appendix, Containing Important State Papers and Public Documents, and All the Laws of a Public Nature, Eighteenth Congress - First Session: Comprising the Period from [March 3, 1789] to May 27, 1824, Washington 1834, II
Skrzydło J., Wolność słowa w orzecznictwie Sądu Najwyższego Stanów Zjednoczonych i Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka. Analiza porównawcza, Toruń 2013
Speeches in the First Congress - Third Session, 1791, February 2 - Bank of the United States; (w:) The Writings of James Madison, New York, London 1906, VI
Tomza A., Spór o poprawną interpretację Konstytucji Stanów Zjednoczonych. Od pasywizmu do aktywizmu sądowego, "Jurysprudencja" 2006, nr 7/16
The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions of 1798 and '99. With Jefferson's Original Draught Thereof. Also, Madison's Report, Calhoun's Address, Resolutions of the Several States in Relation to State Rights. With Other Documents in Support of the Jeffersonian Doctrines of '98, Washington 1832
Warren Ch., A History of the American Bar, Boston 1911
Whittington K.E., Political Foundations of Judicial Supremacy. The Presidency, the Supreme Court, and Constitutional Leadership in U.S. History, Princeton 2007
https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400827756
Willoughby W.W., The Supreme Court of the United States: Its History and Influence in Our Constitutional System, Baltimore 1890
The Jay Treaty, Speech in the 4th Congress, April 6, 1796, (w:) The Writings of James Madison, New York, London 1906, VI
The Works of Thomas Jefferson, New York, London 1904-06, VI
The Writings of James Madison, New York, London 1906, VI
The Writings of Thomas Jefferson: Correspondence, New York 1859, IV
Zavodnyik P., The Age of Strict Construction: A History of the Growth of Federal Power, 1789-1861, Washington 2007