pl
Oryginalny artykuł naukowy
Studia Iuridica

IMPLEMENTATION OF SOFT LAW RELATING TO OUTER SPACE INTO DOMESTIC LAW

2023, 97, Numer 1

Łukasz Kułaga

0000-0003-0784-8293

Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw

DOI

10.31338/2544-3135.si.2023-97.2

Data publikacji

20.09.2023

Model publikowania

open access

Rodzaj licencji

CC BY 4.0 Int.

Dziedzina

Prawo

Dyscyplina

nauki prawne

Język publikacji

Angielski, Polski

Pliki do pobrania

PDF 311 KB

Artykuł

Liczba wyświetleń:435

Liczba pobrań:193

Cytowania Crossref:0

Wynik Altmetric:0

Abstrakt

Space law is clearly oriented towards creation of soft law instruments and their subsequent implementation directly into national law. However, it is not an ideal method for regulating the peaceful use of outer space. At least a few problematic issues should be noted. Firstly, the lack of scrutiny by parliaments with regard to soft law standards accepted by States. Secondly, the multiplicity of soft law documents on the same subject matter – especially in the case of space debris (IADC, UN, ISO or ESA), which may not be fully identical. Thirdly, developments in space technology mean that existing soft law standards may nevertheless be outdated in practice. Fourthly, the creation of new soft law is not always a quick process. However, implementation of international soft law relating to outer space into domestic law ensures that international norms are binding under national law. It thus strives to guarantee both the development and the effectiveness of international space law, despite the absence of new treaty regulations.

Słowa kluczowe:

implementation,soft law,space law,domestic law

Bibliografia

d'Asprement J., Epistemic Forces in International Law. Foundational Doctrines and Techniques of International Legal Argumentation, Cheltenham-Northampton 2016

https://doi.org/10.4337/9781781955284

Baxter R., International Law in Her Infinite Variety, 'International and Comparative Law Quarterly' 1980, Vol. 29(4)

https://doi.org/10.1093/iclqaj/29.4.549

Blackwell A., The Humane Society and Italian Driftnetters: Environmental Activists and Unilateral Action in International Environmental Law, 'North Carolina Journal of International Law' 1997, Vol. 23

Brünner C., Königsberger G., Regulatory Impact Assessment (in:) I. Marboe (ed.), Soft Law in Outer Space: The Function of Non-Binding Norms in International Space Law, Bö hlau 2012

Clark N., Gauging the Effectiveness of Soft Law in Theory and Practice: A Case Study of the International Charter on Space and Major Disasters, 'Air & Space Law' 2018, Vol. 43

https://doi.org/10.54648/AILA2018006

Freeland S., Zhao Y., Rules of the Space Road: How Soft Law Principles Interact with Customary International Law for the Regulation of Space Activities, 'Journal of Space Law' 2020, Vol. 44(2)

Klabbers J., The Redundancy of Soft Law, 'Nordisk Journal of International Law' 1996, Vol. 65(2)

https://doi.org/10.1163/15718109620294889

Marchisio S., Commentary - The Evolutionary Stages of the Legal Subcommittee of the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS), 'Journal of Space Law' 2005, Vol. 31

Marboe I., Hafner G., Brief Overview over National Authorization Mechanisms, (in:) F.G. von der Dunk (ed.), Implementation of the International Space Treaties, Nijhoff 2011

Martinez P., The Role of Soft Law in Promoting the Sustainability and Security of Space Activities, 'Journal of Space Law' 2020, Vol. 44(2)

Mik C., Państwo i Prawo Wobec Procesów Internacjonalizacji, Integracji i Globalizacji. Vol. 2. Wpływ Globalizacji na Klasyczny Paradygmat Państwa i Prawa w Cieniu Pandemii, Warsaw 2022

Nahlik S.E., Kodeks prawa traktatów, Warsaw 1976

Pauwelyn J., Wessel R. A., Wouters J. (eds), Informal International Lawmaking, Oxford 2012

https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199658589.001.0001

Shelton D. (ed.), Commitment and Compliance: The Role of Non-Binding Norms in the International Legal System, Oxford 2000

Schmalenbach K., Article 27 Internal Law and Observance of Treaties, (in:) O. Dorr, K. Schmalenbach (eds), The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, Berlin Heidelberg 2012

Snyder F., Soft Law and Institutional Practice in the European Community, (in:) S.M. Stephen (ed.), The Construction of Europe - Essays in Honour of Emile Noel, Dordrecht 1993

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8368-8_10

Supancana I., How the Progressive Development of Outer Space Law Affects the Formulation of National Space Legislation: The Experience of Indonesia, 'Air & Space Law' 2015, Vol. 40(1)

https://doi.org/10.54648/AILA2015009

Tapio J., Soucek A., National Implementation of Non-Legally Binding Instruments: Managing Uncertainty in Space Law? 'Air & Space Law' 2019, Vol. 44(6)

https://doi.org/10.54648/AILA2019035

Tronchetti F., Soft Law in Outer Space in Society, Politics and Law, (in:) C. Brü nner, A. Soucek (eds), Outer Space in Society, Politics and Law, SpringerLink 2011

Weil P., Towards Relative Normativity in International Law?, 'American Journal of International Law' 1983, Vol. 77

https://doi.org/10.2307/2201073

Podobne publikacje