Tension between Human Rights Protection and the Necessity to Ensure Public Security in the Context of Polish Anti-terrorism Law
2016, 68, No. 1
Publication date
Publishing model
License type
Field
Language of publication
Downloads
PDF 461 KB
Number of views:60
Number of downloads:40
Crossref citations:0
Altmetric score:0
Abstract
Recurrent events of a terrorist character, especially those occurring not in arenas of armed conflict or in countries that are not – at least formally – at war with others, make it necessary not only to consider a redefinition of the state security systems, but also to reflect deeply on the human rights-inspired paradigms accepted hitherto. Regardless of one’s convictions and interpretation of current events, it is difficult to avoid repeating questions concerning the efficiency of public authorities and our legal system in the context of European experiences with terrorism. It is necessary to examine whether the commonly recognized constitutional and human rights standards facilitate the development by the state of instruments aimed at the effective prevention of terrorism. In the process of enacting and applying anti-terrorist laws one must pay heed to the mutual relations between goods protected and violated by a given regulation. As noted above, there is no freedom without security, but also there is no security without freedom. This tension makes a proportionality test very troublesome. The legislator should, above all, harmonize the axiological contexts of the provisions constructed thereby, so that they are orientated towards the protection of both security and freedom.
Bibliography
Alexy R., Teoria praw podstawowych, Warszawa 2010
Bosek L., Komentarz do art. 30, (in:) M. Safjan, L. Bosek (eds.), Konstytucja RP. Tom 1. Komentarz do art. 1–86, Warszawa 2016
Brennan W. J., The Quest to Develop a Jurisprudence of Civil Liberties in Times of Secu¬rity Crises, “Israel Yearbook on Human Rights” 1988, Vol. 18
Dershowitz A. M., Why Terrorism Works: Understanding the Threat, Responding to the Challenge, New Haven: Yale University Press 2002
Dinh V. D., Freedom and Security after September 11, “Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy” 2002, Vol. 25, No. 2
Gearty C., Reflections on Civil Liberties in an Age of Counterterrorism, “Osgoode Hall Law Journal” 2003, issue 41
Greco L., Feindstrafrecht, Baden-Baden 2010
Gross E., Legal Aspects of Tackling Terrorism: The Balance Between the Right of a Democracy to Defend Itself and the Protection of Human Rights, “The UCLA Journal of International Law and Foreign Affairs” 2001, issue 89
Jakobs G., Zur Theorie des Feindstrafrechts, (in:) H. Rosenau, S. Kim (eds.), Straftheorie und Strafgerechtigkeit, Frankfurt am Main 2010
Jałoszyński K., Letkiewicz A. (eds.), Edukacja antyterrorystyczna. Konieczność i obowiązek naszych czasów, Szczytno 2010
Kolendowska-Matejczuk M., Vachev V. (eds.), Węzłowe problemy prawa wykroczeń, Warszawa 2016
Michaelsen Ch., Balancing Civil Liberties Against National Security? A Critique of Counterterrorism Rhetoric, “The University of New South Wales Law Journal” 2006, issue 29
Otto R., Targeted Killings and International Law, Heidelberg–Dodrecht–London–New York 2010
Pawełczyk M., Publicznoprawne obowiązki przedsiębiorstw energetycznych jako instru-ment zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa energetycznego w Polsce, Toruń 2013
Rotfeld A. D., Bezpieczeństwo Polski a bezpieczeństwo Europy. Narodowa polityka bez-pieczeństwa i jej międzynarodowe uwarunkowania, (in:) A. D. Rotfeld (ed.), Między-narodowe czynniki bezpieczeństwa Polski, Warszawa 1996
Szczucki K., Wykładnia prokonstytucyjna prawa karnego, Warszawa 2015
Szydło M., Komentarz do art. 30, (in:) M. Safjan, L. Bosek (eds.), Konstytucja RP. Tom I. Komentarz do art. 1–86, Warszawa 2016
Szydło M., Komentarz do art. 31, (in:) M. Safjan, L. Bosek (eds.), Konstytucja RP. Tom I. Komentarz do art. 1–86, Warszawa 2016
Waxman S. P., The Combatant Detention Trilogy Through the Lenses of History, (in:) P. Berkowitz (ed.), Terrorism, the Laws of War, and the Constitution. Debating the Enemy Combatant Cases, Stanford 2005
Complaint of the Polish Ombudsman with the Polish Constitutional Court dated July 11, 2016 (VII.520.6.2016.VV/AG; case K 35/16)
Judgment of the Polish Constitutional Court in case K 23/11 (published on August 6, 2014 in the Journal of Laws of the Republic of Poland, item 1055)
Judgment of the Polish Constitutional Court in the case P 2/98 (published in the Journal of Laws of the Republic of Poland 1999, item 3)
Law on anti-terrorist activities (Journal of Laws of the Republic of Poland from 2016, item 904)
Law on Police of January 15, 2016 (Journal of Laws of the Republic of Poland from 2016, item 147)
Resolution No. 252 of the Council of Ministers dated December 9, 2014 regarding the “National Anti-Terrorism Plan for years 2015–2019” (Monitor Polski from 2014, item 1218)
UN Commission on Human Rights, Summary or Arbitrary Executions: Report by the Special Repporteur (S. Amos Wako), UN Doc. E/CN.4/1983/16 (January 31, 1983)