en
Studia Iuridica

RELIGIOUS AND LEGAL CULTURES IN FEMINIST PERSPECTIVE. THE CASE OF DENMARK IN A EUROPEAN CONTEXT

2023, 99, No. 1

Hanne Petersen

0000-0003-2275-5829

University of Copenhagen

DOI

10.31338/2544-3135.si.2024-99.10

Publication date

03.02.2024

Publishing model

open access

License type

CC BY 4.0 Int.

Field

Law

Discipline

law

Language of publication

English

Downloads

PDF 390 KB

Article

Number of views:57

Number of downloads:55

Crossref citations:0

Altmetric score:0

Abstract

Europe is characterized by both religious and legal pluralism involving mainly the monotheistic Abrahamic religions, which have all historically been dominated by patriarchal and hierarchical values and attitudes. The Protestant north, and especially the Nordic countries with state churches under absolutism and continued strong state influence on church matters after introduction of democracy have since WWII seen a legal, political and cultural development where women have been given legal rights to become priests and now make up slightly more than half of the clergy. This influences religious practice, interpretation and implementation. It has also inspired the establishment of the first female-led Mosque in the Nordic countries in Copenhagen. This article will reflect on these developments and their relation to law and legal culture.

Keywords:

historical developments,legal and religious cultures,normative pluralism,gender perspectives,change and interaction

Bibliography

Atiyah P.S., The Rise and Fall of Freedom of Contract, Oxford 1979

Barzilai G., Culture of Patriarchy in Law: Violence from Antiquity to Modernity. Reviewed work: Every Breath You Take: Stalking Narratives and the Law by Orit Kamir, "Law & Society Review" 2004, Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 867-884

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0023-9216.2004.00073.x

Domkirken, Kirkemagasin, Special Issue: The Holy Family. Vor Frue Kirke [Our Lady's Church], Copenhagen, December 2021-February 2022

Evans C. & Whiting A., Situating the issues, framing the analysis, (in:) A. Whiting & C. Evans, Mixed Blessings. Laws, Religions, and Women's Rights in the Asia Pacific Region, Leiden-Boston 2006

https://doi.org/10.1163/9789047409656

Fenger-Grøndahl M., Islamisk-kristent center fylder 25 år. [Islamic-Christian Centre turns 25 years], Kristeligt Dagblad, 26 August 2021

Franceschi S., På besøg i en klimasorggruppe: "Den her snak om håb, den hænger mig langt ud af halsen" [Visiting a climate mourning group. 'All this talk of hope. I'm sick and tired of it'.] Information, 15 December 2021

Friedman L. M., Legal Culture and Social Development, "Law & Society Review" 1969, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 29-44 - Law, Lawyers, and Popular Culture, "Yale Law Journal" 1989, Vol. 98, No. 8, pp. 1579-1606 - Technology and Legal Culture. In Liber Amicorum Kjell Å Modeer, Lund 2007, pp. 169-179

https://doi.org/10.2307/796606

Goldstone J. A., Revolutions. A Very Short Introduction, Oxford 2014

https://doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199858507.001.0001

Hansen O. H., Fra undtagelsesregel til undtagelsestilstand. Politiske og kirkelige hensyn til modstandere af kvindelige præster 1947], "Kirkehistoriske Samlinger" 2013, pp. 177-184

Macaulay H., Do female priests represent a true religious reform? (accessed 24 April 2023) https://europeanacademyofreligionandsociety.com/news/do-female-priests-represent-a-true-religious-reform/

Pateman C., The Sexual Contract, Oxford 1988

Pedersen E. M. W., Reformationen og køn. Kvinder og kirkens embede. [The Reformation and Gender. Women and the Office of the Church], "Dansk Teologisk Tidsskrift", 80. årg., 2017, pp. 146-165

https://doi.org/10.7146/dtt.v80i2-3.106353

Petersen H., Changing Normativity and Solidarity: European Legal and Trans-Religious Perspectives, (in:) H. Krunke et al. (eds.), Transnational Solidarity. Concept, Challenges and Opportunities, Cambridge 2020, pp. 374-392

https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108766593.018

Petersen H., Revolutions and Legal Cultures. Perspectives and Reflections, (in:) H. Hydén et al. (eds.), Combining the Legal and the Social in Sociology of Law. An Homage to Reza Banakar, Hart 2023, pp. 331-342

https://doi.org/10.5040/9781509959419.ch-025

Petersen J., The making of the Mariam Mosque: Serendipities and structures in the production of female authority in Denmark, Lund 2020

Pylkkänen A., Feminism and the Challenge to Religious Truths on Marriage. The Case of Nordic Protestantism, (in:) L. Christoffersen, et al. (eds.), Law & Religion in the 21st Century - Nordic Perspectives, Copenhagen 2010

Skovmand M. A., De skjulte ledere. Om kvinderne i den tidlige kristendom. [Hidden leaders. On women in early Christianity], Copenhagen 2021

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Denmark#Christianity,_expansion_and_the_establis hment_of_the_Kingdom_of_Denmark (accessed 24 April 2023)

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/personal%20union (accessed 24 April 2023)

https://danmarkshistorien.dk/leksikon-og-kilder/vis/materiale/fra-menighedsraadsvalg-til-rigsdagsvalg-indfoerelsen-af-kvindelig-valgret-1903-1915/ (accessed 24 April 2023)

https://europeanacademyofreligionandsociety.com/news/do-female-priests-represent-a-true-religious-reform/ (accessed 24 April 2023)

https://www.folkekirken.dk/gudstjeneste/andre-gudstjenester/spaghettigudstjeneste (accessed 24 April 2023).

https://www.dapp.dk/om/ (accessed 24 April 2023)

https://kvinfo.dk/kvinfos-historie-fra-1964-til-2020/ (accessed 15 December 2021 - no longer accessible)

https://www.tv2lorry.dk/mobning-bag-kirkernes-mure/frygt-mobning-og-ptsd-symptomer-i-folkekirken-nu-har-49-praester-faaet-nok?fbclid=IwAR1qlXzYxEgWIDlil5zfT1sC5kXovgbXqbzGsl255sTZmPI2z8vdvk3AiOI (accessed 24 April 2023)